Association of rs142548867 (EEFSEC) and periodontitis Grade C in a young Brazilian population

Abstract Periodontitis Stage III-IV, Grade C (PerioC) is a severe form of Periodontitis. The individual genetic background has been shown to be an important etiopathogenic factor for the development of this disease in young, systemically healthy, and non-smokers patients. Recently, after exome sequencing of families with a history of the disease, PerioC was associated with three single nucleotide variations (SNVs) - rs142548867 (EEFSEC), rs574301770 (ZNF136), and rs72821893 (KRT25) - which were classified as deleterious or possibly harmful by prediction algorithms. Objective Seeking to validate these findings in a cohort evaluation, this study aims to characterize the allele and genotypic frequency of the SNVs rs142548867, rs574301770, and rs72821893 in the Brazilian population with PerioC and who were periodontally healthy (PH). Methodology Thus, epithelial oral cells from 200 PerioC and 196 PH patients were harvested at three distinct centers at the Brazilian Southern region, their DNA were extracted, and the SNVs rs142548867, rs574301770, rs72821893 were genotyped using 5′-nuclease allelic discrimination assay. Differences in allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test. Only the SNV rs142548867 (C > T) was associated with PerioC. Results The CT genotype was detected more frequently in patients with PerioC when compared with PH subjects (6% and 0.5% respectively), being significantly associated with PerioC (odds ratio 11.76, p=0.02). Conclusion rs142548867 represents a potential risk for the occurrence of this disease in the Brazilian population.

Influence of rs6667202 SNP on Interleukin-10 levels in the gingival fluid of patients with periodontitis grade C

Grade C periodontitis in youngers is characterized by a severe form of periodontitis, and IL10 rs6667202 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been described as an important feature in this disease etiology. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate, in vivo, the functionality of IL10 rs6667202 SNP on IL-10 gingival fluid levels. Methods: Thirty patients with Perio4C were selected, 15 with the IL10 AA genotype (rs6667202) and 15 with AC/CC genotypes. The gingival fluid was collected from two sites with probing depth ≥ 7 mm and bleeding on probing, and two healthy sites. The IL-10 concentration was determined by Luminex/MAGpix platform. Results: In deep pockets, the IL10 AA genotype presented a lower concentration of IL-10 when compared with AC or CC genotypes (p<0.05). In shallow pockets, no difference between groups was seen (p>0.05). Conclusion: IL10 rs6667202 SNP decreases the production of IL-10 in crevicular fluid, potentially affecting this disease progression

Transmissão intrafamiliar de patógenos periodontais / Intrafamilial transmission of periodontal pathogens: a literature review

Objetivo: revisar quais seriam os diferentes fatores envolvidos na transmissão de periodontopatógenos entre membros de uma mesma família e quais as suas consequências. Material e métodos: uma revisão da literatura foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, utilizando os termos "vertical transmission", "periodontal pathogens", "oral colonization", e "periodontitis". Resultados: após a leitura do título e resumo, 30 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. A transmissão de patógenos periodontais entre indivíduos de uma mesma família está relacionada à passagem via salivar e ao compartilhamento alimentar e de higiene, aos cuidados dos filhos pelos pais ou cuidadores, e ao contato íntimo entre cônjuges. Estudos que avaliaram a transmissão do Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans entre indivíduos de uma mesma família mostraram a ocorrência da transmissão vertical, embora também ocorra transmissão horizontal. Entretanto, resultados semelhantes não puderam ser observados para o Porphyromonas gingivalis. Enquanto alguns relatos indicam a ocorrência de transmissão horizontal desta bactéria, diversos outros estudos indicam características bacterianas que reduzem sua ocorrência. Conclusão: a colonização oral por microrganismos patogênicos está relacionada à transmissão vertical e horizontal de patógenos, embora a persistência dos microrganismos pareça estar relacionada a fatores individuais do hospedeiro e características dos patógenos. Além disso, atividades preventivas e terapêuticas devem ser realizadas de forma a alterar o processo de transmissão, colonização e o maior risco do desenvolvimento de problemas periodontais.

Objective: to review the different factors involved in the transmission of periodontopathogens between members of the same family and their consequences. Material and methods: an electronic literature review was conducted at the PubMed using the keywords "vertical transmission", "periodontal pathogens", "oral colonization", and "periodontitis". Results: after reading of title and abstract, 30 articles were included. The transmission of periodontal pathogens among individuals of the same family is related to the passage through salivary and food and hygiene sharing, the care of the children by parents or caregivers, and the intimate contact between individuals. Studies evaluating the transmission of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans among individuals from the same family showed the occurrence of vertical transmission and horizontal transmission. However, similar results could not be observed for Porphyromonas gingivalis. While some reports indicate the occurrence of horizontal transmission, several other studies indicate bacterial characteristics that reduce its occurrence. Conclusion: oral colonization by pathogenic microorganisms is related to its vertical and horizontal transmission, although the persistence of the microorganisms seems to be related to individual host factors and pathogen characteristics. In addition, preventive and therapeutic activities must be performed in a way that will alter the transmission, colonization and the greater risk of developing periodontal problems.

Regeneração óssea guiada no tratamento de peri-implantite: dois anos de acompanhamento clínico / Guided bone regeneration in the treatment of peri-implantitis: 2 years of clinical follow-up

A peri-implantite é caracterizada pelo processo inflamatório ao redor de um implante, que inclui inflamação do tecido mole e perda progressiva de suporte ósseo. O foco do seu tratamento está no controle da infecção bacteriana, através da eliminação do biofilme da superfície do implante e, quando possível, na regeneração do osso perdido. Contudo, atualmente não existe evidência suficiente na literatura para indicar qual abordagem terapêutica é superior no tratamento da peri-implantite a longo prazo. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente relato de caso clínico foi reportar os resultados a longo prazo do tratamento de um caso de peri-implantite, com a combinação de acesso cirúrgico para descontaminação da superfície do implante, uso adjunto de solução de tetraciclina (50 mg/ml) e procedimento de regeneração óssea guiada, utilizando enxerto xenógeno e membrana reabsorvível de colágeno. Aos dois anos de acompanhamento pós-operatório, observou-se uma melhora clínica significativa, com redução da profundidade de sondagem, ganho de inserção clínica e preenchimento ósseo radiográfico do defeito peri-implantar. Pôde-se observar que o acesso cirúrgico associado à regeneração óssea guiada é uma alternativa viável para o tratamento de lesões de peri-implantite.

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process around an implant, which includes soft tissue inflammation and progressive bone loss. Treatment aims to control the bacterial infection through elimination of the established biofilm from the implant surface, and if possible, the regeneration of the lost bone. However, currently there is not sufficient evidence in the literature supporting which therapeutic approach is most suitable for the treatment of peri-implantits at long-term follow-up. Thus, the aim of this case demonstrate was to report the results of a peri-implantitis treatment at long-term follow-up, with the combination of surgical access for decontamination of the implant surface, with adjunctive use of tetracycline solution (50 mg/ml) and guided bone regeneration procedure using xenogeneic graft and resorbable collagen membrane. A significant clinical improvement was observed at 2 years of follow-up, with reduced probing depth, clinical attachment gain and radiographic bone fill in the peri-implant defect. It can be concluded that the surgical access associated with guided bone regeneration is a viable option for the treatment of peri-implant lesions

Effect of Resveratrol on periodontal pathogens during experimental periodontitis in rats

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of resveratrol against putative periodontal pathogens during the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced in rats in one of the first molars chosen to receive a ligature. Animals were assigned to one of two groups: daily administration of the placebo solution (control group, n = 12) or 10 mg/Kg of resveratrol (RESV group, n = 12). The therapies were administered systemically for 30 days, for 19 days before periodontitis induction and then for another 11 days. Then, the presence and concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the cotton ligatures collected from the first molars were evaluated using real-time PCR. Inter-group comparisons of the microbiological outcomes revealed that no differences were detected for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans levels (p > 0.05). Continuous use of resveratrol did not promote additional benefits in microbiological outcomes during experimental periodontitis in rats.

Emdogain no tratamento de defeito infraósseo em paciente com periodontite agressiva generalizada / Emdogain in the treatment of intrabony defect in a patient with generalized aggressive periodontitis

Periodontite agressiva é uma doença rara, de rápida progressão, que pode resultar na perda dentária. O foco do tratamento está no controle da progressão da doença, na prevenção de sua recorrência e, quando possível, na regeneração dos tecidos perdidos. A terapia periodontal não cirúrgica pode trazer melhora clínica modesta em pacientes com periodontite agressiva generalizada. A abordagem regenerativa, como a utilização de proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte (Emdogain), embora pouco documentada na literatura, pode então trazer benefícios clínicos adicionais no tratamento de defeitos infraósseos nestes pacientes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar o tratamento de defeito infraósseo em paciente com periodontite agressiva generalizada através de uma abordagem regenerativa com a utilização de Emdogain. Aos nove meses de acompanhamento pós-operatório observou-se significativa melhora clínica, com redução da profundidade de sondagem e ganho de inserção clínica. Pôde-se observar que a associação do Emdogain à terapia cirúrgica pode ser uma alternativa viável para o tratamento de defeitos infraósseos em pacientes com periodontite agressiva generalizada.

Mutacins of Streptococcus mutans

The colonization and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans are influenced by various factors in the oral cavity, such as nutrition and hygiene conditions of the host, salivary components, cleaning power and salivary flow and characteristics related with microbial virulence factors. Among these virulence factors, the ability to synthesize glucan of adhesion, glucan-binding proteins, lactic acid and bacteriocins could modify the infection process and pathogenesis of this species in the dental biofilm. This review will describe the role of mutacins in transmission, colonization, and/or establishment of S. mutans, the major etiological agent of human dental caries. In addition, we will describe the method for detecting the production of these inhibitory substances in vitro (mutacin typing), classification and diversity of mutacins and the regulatory mechanisms related to its synthesis.